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شرح الازمنة كلها مجهووود كبيرررر سوف يتتضمن الموضوع الازمنه بالترتيب التالي Simple Present Present Continuous Simple Past Past Continuous Present Perfect Present Perf. Cont. Past Perfect Past Perfect Cont. Simple Future Future Continuous Future Perfect Future Perfect Cont. Used to Would Always Future in Past ........................................ .......... ........................................ .......... ........................................ .......... . Simple Present يتكون زمن المضارع البسيط من الفعل في المصدر مع اضافه s للفعل عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب ( he , she ,it) FORM Simple Present EXAMPLE: to run I run you run he runs she runs it runs we run they run استخداماته USE 1 Repeated Actions الافعال المتكرره يسنخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن فعل يتكررعاده. الفعل ممكن ان يكون عاده او هوايه او فعل يتكرر كل يوم او فعل مؤكد حدوثه او شىء غالبا ما يحدث . ممكن ان يعبر ايضا عن شىء غالبا ما ينساه الفرد او لا يفعله Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does .not do :EXAMPLES لاحظ اضافه s عندما يكون الفاعل مفرد غائب .I play tennis .She does not play tennis .The train leaves every morning at 8 am .The train does not leave at 9am .She always forgets her purse .He never forgets his wallet .Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun .The sun does not circle the Earth USE 2 Facts or Generalizations حقائق او التعميمات يستخدم المضارع البسيط اذا كان المتحدث يعتقد الامر صحيح من قبل و صحيح الان و سوف يكون صحيح في المستقبل. ولا يهم اذا كان كلام المتحدث سليما ام لا . يستخدم ايضالاصدار التعميمات عن الناس أوالأشياء . The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about people الموضوع الأصلى من هنا: English4arab http://www.english4arab.net/vb/t24923.html#post285929 .or things :EXAMPLES .Cats like milk .Birds do not like milk .The sun rises from the east .California is in America .California isnot in the United Kingdom .Windows are made of glass .Windows are not made of wood .New York is a small city (.It is not important that this fact is untrue) (USE 3 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs قد يستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن حدث ممكن ان يحدث او لا يحدث الان. وهذه الحاله تكون مصحوبه ب Non-continuous ,Mixed Verbs Sometimes speakers use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with Non-continuous Verbs and certain Mixed Verbs. :EXAMPLES .I am here now .She is not here now .He needs help right now .He does not need help now .He has a car ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Present :EXAMPLES Once a week, Tom cleans the car. ACTIVE Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE Present Continuous FORM Present Continuous يتكون زمن المضارع المستمرمن فعل يكون TO BE ثم الفعل مضافا اليه ING [AM / IS / ARE] + [VERB+ing] EXAMPLES: .I am watching TV He is quickly learning the language. ملاحظه:عند استخدام باكثر من جزء ياتي الظرف بين الجزء الاول و الثاني NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Present Continuous (is learning), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (is quickly learning). استخداماته USE 1 Now يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن فعل يحدث الان او لا يحدث الان Use the Present Continuous with Continuous Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now. EXAMPLES: .You are learning English now .You are not swimming now .I am sitting .I am not standing .They are reading their books .They are not watching television ؟What are you doing ؟Why aren't you doing your homework USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now في اللغه الانجليزيه كلمه الان ممكن ان تعني هذه اللحظه او اليوم او هذا الشهر اوهذا العام او هذا القرن و هكذا. احيانا نستخدم المضارع المستمر لنقول اننا عمل ما و العمل يسير قدما . من الممكن اننا لا نقوم بالفعل لحظه الكلام In English, now can mean "this second," "today," "this month," "this year," "this century" and so on. Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second. EXAMPLES: (All of these (.sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant .I am studying to become a doctor .I am not studying to become a dentist .I am reading the book Tom Sawyer .I am not reading any books right now ؟Are you working on any special projects at work ؟Aren't you teaching at the University now USE 3 Near Future يستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن شىء سوف يحدث او لا يحدث في المستقبل القريب Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future EXAMPLES I am meeting some friends after work I am not going to the party tonight Is he visiting his parents next weekend Isn't he coming with us tonight "USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always قد يأتي المضارع المستمر مصحوبا بكلمه مثل always او constantly بمعني دائما ليعبر عن صدمه او مفاجأه غالبا ما تحدث و هو يؤدي معني قريب في هذه الحاله من المضارع البسيط لكن للتعبير عن المشاعر السلبيه. تذكر يجب و ضع كلمه always بين verb to BE و verb+ing The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing." :EXAMPLES She is always coming to class late He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up I don't like them because they are always complaining ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Continuous :EXAMPLES Right now, Tom is writing the letter. ACTIVE Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. PASSIVE Simple Past FORM Simple Past يتكون زمن الماضي البسيط من الفعل مضاف له ed ( verb+ed) :EXAMPLES I visited my friends I often visited my friends استخداماته USE 1 Completed Action in the Past يستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن حدث بدأ و انتهي في وقت محدد بالماضي. Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind :EXAMPLES I saw a movie yesterday I didn't see a movie yesterday Last year, I traveled to Japan Last year, I didn't travel to Japan She washed her car She didn't wash her car USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions نستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط لسرد مجموعه من الاحداث انتهت في الماضي We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions .....in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th EXAMPLES I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00 USE 3 Single Duration يمكن ان يستخدم الماضي البسيط لمده زمنيه بدأت و انتهت في الماضي. المده الزمنيه الطويله غالبا ما تكون مصحوبه ببعض التعبيرات مثل for two years او for five minutes او all day او all year The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day" or "all year." :EXAMPLES I lived in Brazil for two years Shauna studied Japanese for five years They sat at the beach all day We talked on the phone for thirty minutes ؟How long did you wait for them We waited for one hour USE 4 Habit in the Past للتعبير عن عاده في الماضي يمكن ان يستخدم الماضي البسيط ايضا للتعبير عن عاده توقفت في الماضي. The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. EXAMPLES I studied French when I was a child He played the violin She worked at the movie theater after school They never went to school, they always skipped ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Past :EXAMPLES Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE Past Continuous يتكون زمن الماضي المستمر من WAS / WERE ثم الفعل مضافا اليه ing [WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing] :EXAMPLES I was studying when she called I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Continuous (was picking), adverbs often come between the first part and the second part (was carefully picking) الاستخدامات USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past يستخدم الماضي المستمر ببيان فعل تمت مقاطعته في الماضي. و المقاطعه غالبا ما تكون ماضي بسيط Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time EXAMPLES I was watching TV when she called When the phone rang, she was writing a letter While we were having a picnic, it started to rain Sally was working when Joe had the car accident While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption تحديد وقت معين كمقاطعه لفعل حدث في الماضي In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by an action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption EXAMPLES Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. IMPORTANT Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner. بدأت الاكل السادسه Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner. عندما حانت الساعه السادسه كنت آكل بالفعل USE 3 Parallel Actions نستخدم الماضي المستمر عند وصف اكثر من فعل و هذه الافعال حدثت في نفس الوقت. When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel. :EXAMPLES I was studying while he was making dinner While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time USE 4 Atmosphere يستخدم المضارع المستمر لوصف المناخ العام لمجموعه من الاحداث فب الماضي In English we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere in the past :EXAMPLE When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad .service "USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always يستخدم ايضا لوصف التكرار و الاثاره لاحداث غالبا ما كانت تحدث في الماضي :EXAMPLES She was always coming to class late He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone I didn't like them because they were always complaining ACTIVE / PASSIVE Past Continuous :EXAMPLES The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. PASSIVE Present Perfect يتككون زمن المضارع التام من HAS / HAVE ثم التصريف الثالث للفعل [HAS / HAVE] + [past participle] :EXAMPLES I have seen that movie many times I have never seen that movie الاستخدامات USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now يعبر زمن المضارع التام لوصف فعل بدأ في الماضي في وقت غير محدد. و الوقت المحدد غير مهم و لا يمكن استخدام تعبيرات زمنيه مثل yesterday اوone year ago او when I was a chlid الخ. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with time expressions such as "yesterday," "one year ago," "last week," "when I was a chlid," "when I lived in Japan," "at that moment," "that day" or "one day." We CAN use the Present Perfect with expressions like "ever," "never," "once," "many times," "several times," "before," "so far," "already" and "yet." :EXAMPLES I have seen that movie twenty times I think I have met him once before There have been many earthquakes in California ؟Has there ever been a war in the United States Yes, there has been a war in the United States People have traveled to the moon (USE 2 Duration From Past Until Now (Non-continuous Verbs للتعبير عن شيء ما بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان With Non-continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks" and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect. :EXAMPLES I have had a cold for two weeks She has been in England for six months Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect :EXAMPLES Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE Present Perfect Continuous يتكون زمن الضارع التام المستمر من [HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [VERB+ing] :EXAMPLES I have been waiting here for two hours She has only been studying English for two years استخداماته USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now يستخدم زمن المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous EXAMPLES They have been talking for the last hour She has been working at that company for three years James has been teaching at the University since June USE 2 Recently, Lately يستخدم زمن الضارع التام المستمر بدونفتره زمنيه الاعطاء معني اشمل و اعم. و نستخدم عامه في هذه الحاله تعبيرات مثل lately( مؤخرا) You can use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday". Without the durations, the this tense gives a more general meaning of "lately". We often use the words "lately" or "recently" in the sentence to strengthen this meaning :EXAMPLES Recently, I have been feeling really tired She has been watching too much television lately Mary has been feeling a little depressed ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect Continuous :EXAMPLES Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE ملحوظه: زمن المضارع التام المستمر نادرا ما ياتي بصيغه الغير مباشر NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is rarely used in its passive form. Past Perfect يتكون زمن الماضي التام من [HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE] ................................. التصريف الثالث للفعل :Examples I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S They had never met an American until they met John استخداماته USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in Past يستخدم زمن الماضي التام للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في الماضي قبل حدث آخر. ممكن ان يعبر ايضا عن شيء حدث قبل وقت محدد في الماضي The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. EXAMPLES I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai ؟Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992 Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988 (USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-continuous Verbs يستخدم للتعبير عن شيء بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي ان حدث شيء آخر With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past EXAMPLES We had had that car for ten years before it broke down By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect عند استخدام فتره زمنيه محدده مع الماضي التام عكس المضارع التام تماما ، فإنه يمكن استخدام كلمات محددة او عبارات مع الماضي التام. وإن كان ذلك ممكنا ، فإنه عادة ما لا يكون ضروريا Unlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996 ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVE Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. PASSIVE Past Perfect Continuous يتكون زمن الماضي التام المستمر من [HAD BEEN] + [VERB+ing] EXAMPLES I had been waiting there for two hours before she finally arrived She had only been studying English for two years before she got the job استخداماته USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past يستخدم زمن الماضي التام المستمر لوصف فتره زمنيه بدأت في الماضي واستمرت حتى وقت آخر في الماضي. We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now EXAMPLES They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business James had been teaching at the University for more than a year before he left for Asia USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past استعمال الماضي التام المستمر قبل عمل آخرفي الماضي هو طريقة جيدة لاظهار السبب والنتيجة Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect EXAMPLES Jason was tired because he had been jogging Sam gained weight because he had been overeating ملحوظه مهمه اذا لم تشتمل الجمله علي فتره زمنيه "for five minutes," او"for two weeks" او"since Friday" الكثير من متحدثي الانجليزيه يستخدمون الماضي المستمر لكن هناك اختلاف في المعني يظهر عند مقارنه الامثله التاليه IMPORTANT If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday", many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous. There is also a difference in meaning. Compare the examples below I was reading when my roommate returned Emphasizes the interruption of "reading يؤكد توقف "القراءة". I had been reading for an hour when my roommate returned Emphasizes the amount of time "for an hour يؤكد مقدار الوقت "ساعة". ACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past Perfect Continuous EXAMPLES Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years, before he moved to Paris. ACTIVE The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE ملحوظه استخدام صيغه الغير مباشر غير شائعه مع زمن الماضي التام المستمر منقووول |
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